ORGANON

ORGANON

Discovery of Homoeopathy and it's fundamental Principle

Homoeopathy is a system of medical treatment promulgated by Dr. Christian freidrich samuel hahnemann, a germen physician in 1796.

Hahnemann's dissatisfaction towards orthodox treatment:-

In whole of the 18th century in Europe was mark by a plethora of theories and hypothesis concerning the nature of disease and its causations. Consequently methods of therapeutic practice were as numerous and diverse as the theories propounded. The uncertainty and lack of any fixed principles of healing dissapointed him.

Life in noble and honest man he refused to make a pretence of theory, Where he believed he did not cure He relinquished medical practice and devoted himself to the translation of great medical classic of his time.

Translation of cullen's materia medica :-

In 1790 when Hehnmann was engaged in translating Cullen's materia medica from the english to germen, his attention was arrested by the remark of Author that Cinchona bark cured malaria because of its bitterness and tonic effects of stomach. This explanation appeared unsatisfactory to him.

Hehnmann's Experiment:-

In an attempt to discover its true mode of action. Hehnmann himself ingested four drams of cinchona juice twice daily for a few days. To his great astonishment, he was attacked by symptoms very similar to ague or malaria fever. This unexpected result set up in his mind a new train of thoughts and he conducted similar experiments on himself and other individuals with other medicines whose curative action in certain disease had been well stablised. He found that in the healthy persons the medicine produced symptoms very similar to what they cure in diseased individuals.

Inference:-

So, he had led to the inference that medicines cure disease only because they can produce similar symptoms in healthy individuals. The whole of homoeopathy derives from this law.

In 1796, After 6 years of his first experiment, he published an article in Hufeland's journal On "An eassy on a new principle for ascertaining the curative power of drug and some examination of the previous principles."

Thus, he put forward his new doctrine of simila similibus curantur (like cures like) in Contrast contraris curantur (opposite cure opposite).

According to Rechard haehl 1796 is the year of birth of Homoepathy.

The doctrine of Homoepathy were attempted to be formulated for the first time by Hehnmann in his article "the medicine of experience" published in 1805. till the complete systematization of the principles and practice of the homoeopathy art of healing was effected with the publication of Hehnmann organon of medica in 1810.

FUNDAMENTAL AND CARDINAL PRINCIPLES OF HOMOEOPHATHY

Every science has certain basic guiding principles. Homoeopathy as a science of medical treatment has a philosophy of it own and its therapeutics is based on certain fundamental principles which are quite distinct and different from those of other schools of medical science. They are as follows -

1. Law of Similia

2. Law of Simplex

3. Law of Minimum

4. Doctrine of Drug proving

5. Theory of chronic diseases

6. Theory of vital force

7. Doctrine of Dynamization

1. Law of Similia :-

Homoeopathy is a system of medicine founded on a definite law-

"Similia Similibus Curator"

which means likes cures likes. The word Homoeopathy is a greek derivation. Where Homoeos means similar and pathos means suffering.

So, Homoeopathy may be defined as therapeutic method of symptoms similarity.

2. Law of Simplex :- ( The single remedy)

In sec. 272 Hehnmann states that only one single, simple medical substance is to be administrated in a given case at a time. This is due to the following reasons -

(i) The homoeopathic remedies were proved singly and the materia medica was built up on the observed effects of drugs given singly either in planned proving or in accidental proving.

(ii) Only one remedy can be the most similar at any given time with the condition of any given patient.

(iii) Moreover, if more than one remedy is used the doctor cannot know which element was curative and one source of future guidance is there by obscured.

(iv)If more then one drug is given in one prescription the possibility of synergistic action cannot be ruled out. But it cannot be argued that the effect will be the sum total of the separates drugs. The ingredient drug may even result in interaction that may have adverse effects in the body.

A mixture of more than one remedy in a single dose would constitute a new remedy. Which would required to be proved as such for a proper estimate of its probable effects.

(v) Besides everything vital force the life principles governing the complex human life is a single substance. So, the medicine intended to correct its disturbance and disharmony should be prescribed only singly one at a time.

3. Law of Minimum :-

The minute dose means that quantity of medicine which is though smallest in quantity produces the least possible existation of vital force and yet sufficient to effect the necessary change in it. The quantity is minimum yet appropriate for a geneteric remedial effect. The administration of minimum dose of a medicine has the following advantages -

i. To avoid unwanted aggravation.

ii. The specific dynamic action, which produces the uncommon characteristic , distinguishing symptoms of the drug which produce by the minimum quantity of the drug.

iii. The smallness of the dose not allow the drug to do any organic damage nor there is any risk of drug addiction and side effects.

iv. To take full advantage of Finer and finest curative property of the remedies, they should be administered in minimum dose.

v. In order to maintain the similarity of the sequence of disease and the drug (which was found during drug proving) a minimum dose is also necessary.

vi. The concept of minimum dose be verified by Arndt-Schutlz law, That small doses stimulate, medium doses paralyze, and large doses kill. In other words the action of small and very large doses of the same substance on living matter is opposite.

vii.Law of least action :-

This law is formulated by Maupertius, The french mathematician -

"The quantity of action necessary to effect any change in nature is the least possible, the diseasive amount is always a minimum an infinitesimal."

viii. According to the law of quatity of Fincke -

" The quality of the action of homoeopathic remedy is determined by its quantity in inverse ratio."

4. Doctrine of Drug proving -

In homoeopathy we prescribe only those medicine Whose medicinal properties are known through drug proving. Hehnmann was the first Who wanted to know the action of drugs upon the human organism. This process is known as Drug proving.

Drug proving is a systematic investigation of pathogenic ( disease producing) power of the medicine (Hence, disease curing power also) on the healthy human being of different ages, both sexes and of various constitutions. These recording of drug proving form the only reliable knowledge of medicine, which are very much essential to cure disease homoeopathically. Different medicines must be proved thoroughly in order to obtain full details of their curative properties as well as to comback thousands of diseases.

The drug must be proved on healthy human bieng because of the following reasons-

(i) Animals do not give subjective or mental symptoms.

(ii) Effects of same drug on animals and on human beings are different.

(iii) We do not get the modalties.

Moreover the human being should be healthy due to following reasons-

(i) The symptoms of the drug and that of the disease will be mixed together.

(ii) Moreover, the action of drug on the sick person is different from the normal one.

So, we cannot get the real disease producing power of a medicine by administring it on the sick individuals.

5. Theory of chronic disease -

Curing the early age of homoeopathic practice Hehnmann observed that inspite of best homoeopatic treatment, the chronic cases would return with a recurrence of symptoms at interval, while the accure diseases did not relapsa. This failure led him to investigate throughly a large number of chronic affections and after 12 years of experiments and observations he reached to the conclusions that the chronic diseases are caused by chronic miasms. Those chronic miasms are Psora, Syphilis and Sycosis.

Psora is the real fundamental cause and producer of innumerable forms of diseases. It is the mother of all diseases and atleast 7/8 of all the chronic meladies springs from it. While the remaining 1/8 spring from syphilis and sycosis . Cure is only possible by proper anti-miasmatic treatment.

Although this theory was incorporated in the 4th edition (1829) of organon of medicine.But he published his classical work in 1828.

"Chronic disease: Their nature and homoeopathic treatment."

6. Theory of vital force :-

It is homoeopathy which stresses on the existence and operation of the vital force in a living organelle. The human organelle is a triume entity consisting of body, mind and spirit. This spirit which is responsible for the different manifestations of life is turned by doctor Hehnmann as vital force. Hehnmann speaks of the vital force in Aphorism 10 of his 'Organon of medicine'. Thus "the material of organism without the vital force incapable of no sensation, no function, no preservation it derives all sensations and performs all the functions of life solely by means of the immaterial being which animates the material organism in health and in disease."

In the healthy condition, it is this vital force which maintain normal functions and sensation of a organism . But when this vital force is primarily, dynamically deranged by some morpific, dynamic influence. It causes have normal sensations and functions which are manifested outwardly through the material body as have normal signs and symptoms, the totality of which constitutes the disease.

Again if acure is to be stabilished, it is the vital force that must arouse itself or be aided to arise for the recovery. If the vital force is too exhausted and devilitated then no medicinal aid is of help because the vital force as receded beyond the reach of external aid.

This doctrine was introduced in the 5th edition of 'Organon of medicine' (1833) . In the 6th edition it has been changed to "vital principle".

7. Doctrine of Drug Dynamization :-

Homoeopathy dynamizations are process by which the medicinal properties which are latent in natural substance while in their crude sate, become awakened and developed into activity to an incredible degree.

According to Stuart close -

Homoeopathy potentisation is a mathemedico-mechanical process for the reduction, According to scale, of crude, inert or poissionss medicinal substances to a state of physical solubility, physiological assimilability and therapeutic activity and harmlessness, for use as homoeopathic healing remedies.

Drug are potentised by the following two methods-

1. Trituration - In case of insoluble substances.

2. Succussion - In case of soluble substances.

The objects of potentisation in homoeopathy are as follows -

1. To reduce the medicinal substance which helps to avoid unwanted medicinal aggracation and side effects.

2. Homoeopathy believes that vital force is dynamic in nature and that it effected by disease, can only be cured by the dynamic power of suitable medicine, non by its material quantity.

3. By this process the most Virulent and deadly poissions are not only rendered harmless, but are transformed into beneficient healing remedies. ex- Arsenic, nasa etc.

4. Substances which are medicinally inert in their crude natural state are thus rendered active and effective for healing the sick.

ex - common salt, charcol, lycotiom, salicia etc.

5. The medicinal qualities of other drugs which are more or less active in their natural state are inhanced and their sphere of action are brodent by this process.

6. The action of the potentised medicines are deeper longer and more wide sprade.

The doctrine of drug dynamization was introduced into homoeopathy by Dr. Hehnmann through the 5th edition of 'Organon of medicine' published in the year 1833.

ORGANON

The word organon is a greek derivation of the word organum. Which has a following meanings -

1. Literary work

2. A method of scientific investigation

3. Instrument of thought, system of logic

4. According to R. Hughes -

An instrument of effecting in best manner a certain end.

Source :-

This word was at first used by great greek phylospher Aristotle. (384-312 BC)

Further Lord Francis becon (1516-1626 AD) wrote a book on logic in latin named 'Novum organum' (new organon)

These two must have influenced Hehnmann to name his book as Organon.

Organon of Medicine :-

Definition :

Organon of medicine is a book written by Dr. Samuel hehnmann containing the principles of homoeopathy along with the critical analysis of the different other modes of treatment prevalent during his time.

Aim and object :-

The aim and object of hehnmann for writing Organon of medicine was to present to the medical profession the dotrines, merits and the practical instructions for the practice of Homoeopathy in a logical and eladorate way. He also criticized the other travailing system of medicine and stablished the superiority of homoeopathy.

Title :-

The title of the 1st edition of the book was "Organon Der rationellen Heilkunde" ie Organon of the rational medical science.

But from the 2nd edition onwards to the 5th one the title was change into Organon der Heilkunst.

The title of the 6th edition was again changed to Organon of medicine. (R. Hughes)

Different Edition of Organon of medicine:-

1st edition (1810)-

the title of the was "Organon der rationellen heilkunde" ie Organon of the rational medical science.

Contents of 1st edition :-

The introduction of this Edition contained some unintentional homoeopathic cures mention in contemporary medical publications with few comments. It contained 271 aphorism. The title page of this edition contained a stanza of a poem from gellert, the famous germen poet. The same stanza was appeared in Medicine of Experience published in the years 1805.

Publication :-

This edition was published when Hehnmanns residence was at Torgau. It was published by the famous publisher Arnold of Dresden. This publication was financed by a greatful patient.

Translation :-

C. E. Wheeler translated this edition into the english in the year of 1913.

2nd Edition :-(1819)

The title of 2nd edition was Organon der Heilkunst. ie Organon of the healing art.

The stanza of gellert poet was replaced by towards 'Aude sapere'. Which remained in all succeeding editions.

Publication :-

It was published as an "Augumented Edition" from Leipsic.

Contents :-

The introduction of this book contained a great criticism of allopathy. It contained 318 paragraphs. But the numeration was wrong. After section 215 we find section 219. Hence, the actual number of sections was 315.

Translation:-

It was the first ever translated edition of Organon from the germen to the french by ' Earest george von brunnow' in 1824.

3rd Edition :-(1824)

The name and title page remain unchanged.

Publication :

It was published as an improved edition. This edition was published when Hehnmann was in Koethen.

contents :

It contain 320 paragraphs. But the wrong numeration was not rectified. Hence it actually contain 317 sections.

4th edition :- (1829)

Title :- The name and title page remained same as before.

Publication : - It was published as an Augumented and improved edition and was published in 1829 from Koethen.

contents :

It contained 292 paragraphs.

The theory of chronic disease was introduced for the first time in this edition. The introduction to the organon was introduced first in this edition.

Translation :-

It was translated by 'Charles H. Devrient' in english in 1833, being the first ever english translation of Organon.

5th Edition :-1833

Title same as before.

Publication :-

This was the last edition which was published during the life time of the Dr. Hehnmann. In the year 1833 from Koethen.

Contents :-

It contained 294 sections. The doctrines of vital force and drug dynamisation were introduced for the first time in this edition.

Translation :-

It translated in english by 'Robert Ellias Dudgen' in 1849 again in 1893. It was also translated in english by C. Wesselhoeff.

6th edition :-

Title same as before 'Organon of medicine'.

Publication :-

It was completed in February 1842 in paris but unfortunately Hehnmann breathed his last on 2 july 1843. So he could not publish it in his life time. It was first published in germen language by Rechard Haehl in 1921, 78 years after the death of hehnmann. Soon after it the english translation by 'William Boericke' was appeared.

contents: -

It contained 291 sections. This edition gave rise to a great amount of controversy, perticularly because of its theory of repetition of doses etc. There as evidences which suggest that certain alterations which appear in this edition could not have been made by hehnmann.

concept of dynamic influence -dynamis, concept of vital principle, 50 millesimal potency.

Aude sapere :-

Aude as originated from the latin word Audhere, which means 'to dare' , sapere means 'to be wise so the Aude sapere means 'Dare to be wise'.

This quotation of Horace was used for the first time as the concluding words of his 'Medicine of experience' (1805). It pleased him so well that he adopted the 'organon of medicine' as motto.

This couplet of words appears on the title page of his 2nd edition of 'organon of medicine' in place of Gellert's poem, in the 5th edition.

VITAL FORCE

According to Dr. Hehnmann , the life is to be considered as composed of three parts -

The body, the mind and the spirit. This is a trimity of life. The body and tissue are not life but they are channel through which life functions. This spirit is known as vital force.

It is this supersensual thing which maintain the body in living condition. This makes all the difference between the living and dead.

Nature of vital force :-

Vital force has the following characteristics or qualities -

1. Spiritual

2. Autocratic

3. Automatic

4. Dynamic

5. Unintelligent and instinctive

1. Spiritual :-

The word spiritual means immaterial. The vital force is immaterial hence it is not perceptible to our senses. It is comgmizable only by its effect, when it works through the material body.

2. Autocratic :-

Autocratic means self and kerotos means power. So, the word means self-powered. The vital force is autocratic. It is the supreme, Authority in our body ruling in its own way. It is not governed by anything but governs the material body as the highest authority. So, it is called autocratic. It remains in the organism as per its own will and maintains the integrity of the organism.

3. Automatic :-

Automatic means self acting. The vital force in an automatic force which animates the whole material organism and imparts life to it. It reacts spontaneously to all stimulie against itself.

4. Dynamic :-

The word dynamic means of force in action. The vital force is dynamic in nature. That means it is a force in action. It is present in each and every part of the human economy without this vital force the cell or the whole body becomes inanimates and is dead.

5. Unintelligent and instinctive :-

Intellect means powerful judge and comprehend as it is only a force, it cannot reason out itself force can cause a thing in a fixed way but they themselves cannot change their function according to the situation instinct means inborn impulse.

According to Hehnmann the vital force which of itself can only at according to the physical constitution of our organism and is not guided by reason, knowledge and reflection.

Role of vital force in health

In healthy condition the immaterial vital force -

1. Animates and controls the material organism without hinderance.

2. It maintains the harmony of life producing normal sensations and functions of the body.

Vital force co-ordinates in an orderly way the different physiological activities of life carried out by different organs of the body.

The hearts beats, lungs expand and contract, intestines carry on peristaltic movements. But a healthy man neither feels the existence of his organs nor the functions carried out by them.

3. Vital force enable the reason gifted mind to engage in the higher purpose of life. During the healthy condition of life, as there is a perfect balance between mind and body, the man can employ himself for the higher purpose of his existence.

4. It resists the disease and preserves the health. In the healthy condition of man the person protects himself from injurious influences.

Role of vital force in Disease

As the vital force is spiritual, it can only be disturbed by some other spiritual force which is inimical. This inimical force affects the vital force when the inimical force is superior to the vital force. Because of this affection, the vital force now longer rules with unbounded sway. Its normal working are altered as normally and the essential harmony is disturbed. This lack of harmony both on sensational and functional plane immediately shows itself though the material body as abnormal signs and symptoms. Hence, when harmonious functioning of the vital force is disturbed, we get sickness as a result.

Vital force (Normal in health (harmony))

(inimical dynamic influence)

Dynamically deranged

Disharmony

Disease

Role of vital force in cure (without medicine)

In Acure disease :-

The vital force is always attempting to recover from disease states -

(i) If the acure disease are not of too violent character, the vital force can overcome the disease conditions through its own power, without outside help (without medicine) but always in sacrifice of some influences.

(ii) Sometime the inimical dynamic influences may be so great that the vital force is not of itself able to overcome the disease condition and be completely destroyed.

Homoeopathic remedies will assist in both of these cases and very often save the sacrifice of the vital energy as well as the life of the patient.

In chronic disease :-

In this case vital force alone cannot extinguish the disease. Hence, it requires medicinal helps for its cure.

Role of vital force in Homoeopathic cure

(Both in acure and chronic disease)

During the primary action of the applied homoeopathic medicine the vital force remains passive and receives the impressions produced on it. As a result a similar stronger medicinal disease is produced, which permanently removes the natural disease. So the vital force becomes now medicinally diseased. During the secondary action the vital force reacts against the primary action of the applied medicine. But due to the similar relation between the drug and disease, the exact opposite condition is not possible. So the vital force indifferentiates itself and emploies its increase energy to extinct the medicinal disease which gradually decreases rapidly of its own accord because of the following reason -

1. Minuteness of the dose

2. Short and limited period of action

Thus, the vital force being free from both the natural disease as well as the artificial disease (medicinal) returns to its normal condition and takes the charge of the altered, tissues and organs living ultimately to health.

So, the natural disease is removed by the primary action of the medicine administered and the artificial medicinal disease is removed by the secondary curative action of the vital force.

Role of the vital force in the cure of artificial chronic disease

If the vital force has not already been to much weakened by the mischievous acts of the allopathic non-healing art, the artificial chronic disease must by remedied by the vital force itself when it remains undisturbed for several years. (Appropriate medicinal aid may be given for the eradication of chronic miasm, if any lurking in the background).

Practical utilities of the knowledge of the vital force

The practical utilities of the knowledge of the vital force consists of the following -

1. It helps to perceive the dynamic nature of life, its action and reactions which surmound mere physical and chemical actions and reactions.

2. It helps to understand the dynamic concept of health, disease and cure.

3. It helps to understand the person as a whole both in health and disease - Holistic concept of man.

4. It helps into individualize each person from others.

5. It helps us to explain the curative of the homoeopathic dynamic medicines.

6. It helps to explain and substanciate the theory of drug dynamisation.

7. It helps to explain the conception chronic miasm. Its infection, progress and cure.

8. It helps to appreciate the administration of one single, simple medicine at a time.

9. It helps to justify the significance of using minimum dose in homoeopathy.

10. It helps to appreciate that the moral and psychic side of man are also important like the physical ones to understand the man fully.

11. It helps to appreciate that no state of a living man is static. It is continuously changing and is reaching against, and is being acted endlessly by various environment factors, both internal and external.

12. It helps to interpret trecisely any and every change in the organism and takes necessary steps accordingly.

Nature's law of cure

Homoeopathic law of cure

Natural law of cure

Therapeutic law of cure

According to Hahnemann - "A weaker dynamic affection of permanently extinguished in the living organism by a stronger one, if the latter(whilst differing in kind) is very similar to the former in its manifestations (sign and symptoms)."

Ex:- There are planty of examples in different aspects of nature in support of this law :

1. Physical aspects :-

In the early dawn the brilliant jupiter vanishes from the gaze of the beholder. Both the jupiter and the sun are similar in their manifestations ie to give light and both of them affect the optic nerve. But the power of sunlight is stronger than that of jupiter. Due to this stronger very similar power acting on the same optic nerve of the eyes of the observer, the star, jupiter becomes invisibe in the day time.

2. Moral aspect :-

The mourning and sorrow will be affected from the mind by another greater cause of sorrow. As for example, the sorrow of a man if he loses his more close relatives such as father, brother etc.

3. Disease aspect :-

(i) Small pox cured opthalmia :-

Smallpox produces violent opthalmia some times even blindness. By its inoculation (by injection) Dezoteux cured a chronic opthalmia permanently, and Leroy another.

SMALLPOX

Produces, hence cured :

• Opthalmia - Dezoteux and leory's observation

• Blindness - Klein's observation

• Deafness and dyspnoea - J. Fr. Closs's observation

• Swelling of testicle - Klein's observation

• Dysentry - Fr. Wendt's observation

Cowpox

Produces, hence cured -

• Itching eruption - Observed by many observers

• Half paralysed arm

• Intermittent fever - Hardenge and hunter's observation

Measles

Produces, hence cured -

• Whooping cough - Bosquillion's observation

• Chronic herpetic eruptions - Kortum's observation

• Miliary rash

Modus operandi of Homoeopathic cure

How homoeopahtic cure takes place ?

What actualy occurs when homoeopathic medicine is applied in a disease is as follows -

1. When a medicine is administered on the basis of accurate similarity of symptoms, it affects the morbidly deranged dymanic vital force through the medium of sentient faculty of the nerves and thus produces a similar but stronger disease against the existing one.

2. The new similar artifical(madicinal) disease is always stronger then the natural disease as it is produced by the medicine. The medicinal disease is always stronger in the strength than natural disease because of the following reasons -

(i) Medicine act unconditionally -

• They act all times.

• They act under all circumstances.

• They act on agree individual.

(ii) Regulation of dose is in our hand.

(iii) Medicine prevent diseases.

(iv) The disease makes the person hypersensitive or very much susceptible to the influence of similar medicine. Because of this increased susceptibility minute dose of the medicine is sufficiently superior to over power the disease.

3. As further nature's law of cure the natural disease will be removed permanently by the stronger similar medicinal disease which be occupy trecisely the same place of the former (natural disease).

4. After this there is only one disease in the system namely the medicinal disease. So, the vital force is not only medicinally disease.

5. Now, the instinctive vital force, which is not merely medicinaly diseased is a stronger degree is compelled to direct and increased amount of energy.

But as there is similar relation between drug and disease the vital force indifferentiates itself and employs its increased energy to extinct the medicinal disease.

6. On the other hand the medicinal disease gradually becomes weaker and weaker due to the following reasons -

(i) Minutness of the dose of the medicine.

(ii) Shorter and fixed duration of action of the medicinal agent.

7. As the medicinal disease is growing weaker and weaker, finally a time will come when the vital force will overcome the medicinal disease. Now the vital force is free from both the natural disease as well as the medicinal disease and enabled to carry on healthily vital operations of the organism. thus, health is be stored.

8. It should be noted that the natural disease is removed by the primary action of the administered medicine and the substituted artificial disease is removed by the secondary curative action of the vital force.

Difficulties in depending on nature for the cure of diseases

Depending on the nature of the cure of natural diseases. There are many difficulties, which are as follows-

1. Deficiency of similar disease in nature :-

There are only few similar diseases at the command of mightly nature as instruments for affecting homoeopathic cure. But the sufferings of human organism are numerous. So, very few disease can be cured by the natural process.

2. They are more dangerous to life and more dreaded than the disease to be cured :-

Sometimes the sufferings of the disease by which nature performs occasional cure are more than the disease to be cure. Even sometimes it may destroy life.

ex:- A man who suffering from deafness or orchitis will never like to suffer from smallpox inspite of all assurance of cure of his deafness or orchitis. Sometimes they may cause permanent damage of other organ after performing the desired cure.

3. They requires their own independent treatment for eradication :-

Suppose smallpox has cured orchitis in patient. But smallpox itself requires independent treatment for substituent curing. So, we require another disease stronger and similar to smallpox. as a result of which one disease may follow the occurence of other similar stronger disease. Thus, there would not be any termination of this chain of curing and being cured.

4. They are uncertain :-

Natural cure of disease is a lucky occurence. There is no certainty of its coming. It may come or may not come at all during patients life time. We cannot wait for an unlimited period for the arrival of a stronger similar disease.

5. No control over the dose :-

All disease do not require same strength for their eradication. That is while potency varries according to diseases, their nature, state, progress and conditions accompanying. As the natural diseases are not at the command of physician, the strength of these morbific power cannot be regulating according to circumstances. As a result the patient has to suffer the entire dangerous an tedious disease of smallpox, measles which in its turn has to be cured.

Advantages of treatment by medicines over the treatment by natural disease forces :-

There are several advantages of treating diseases by medicine over the treatment by normal disease forces. They are as follows-

1. Nature has very few disease which is uses for homoeopathy cure of other diseases. But there are plenty of medicinal substances distributed universely through out the creation to render proper homoeopathy aid for all the innumerable for all conceivable and inconceivable natural diseases.

2. The medicine can be attenuated subdivided and potentized almost to an infinite extent as a result, the physician can employ a suitable dose which is just slightly stronger than the natural disease to be cured. The advantages such incomparable method are a follows -

(i) The attack will be not of violent character upon the organism for the eradication of even an inverterate disease of old standing.

(ii) The power of the medicine after completing cure disappears sponteneously without requiring a second course of treatment for its extirpation, being over powered by the vital force and due to the limited and short duration of action of medicine.

3. They are not dangerous as their actions are well known.

4. They are always under our control and we can tackle their unwanted action by another medicine according to the necessity.

5. There is no uncertainty about the occurance for similar disease by medicines whereas there is always uncertainty of time for occurance of natural disease.

6. Medicines cure gently, rapidly and permanently from the tormenting natural disease to the desired state of permanent health.

What happens when two dissimilar diseases meet together in human body :-

Three things may happens when two dissimilar diseases meet together in one person.

1st possibility :-

If the two dissimilar disease meeting together in one person are of equal strength or the older one is stronger, the result will be the new disease will be repelled by the old one from the body and not be allowed to affect it.

ex -

1. Larry observed that the plague of levant does not break out where scurvy is prevalent and persons suffering from eczema are not infected by it.

2. Rachitis, jenner, allegs prevents vaccination from taking effect.

2nd possibility :-

Whenever two dissimilar disease of which the new disease is stronger than the old one meet in the body, at first the new stronger one suspends the old, but the weaker old disease reappears when the new disease runs it course.

ex -

Tulpius observe that two children affected with a kind of epilepsy remained three from epileptic attacks after infection with ringworm, but as soon as the eruption of the head gone the epilepsy returned just as before.

3rd possibility :-

If the two dissimilar disease are of equal strength and of chronic character or have acted for a considerable period of time, they occupy perticular adopted to them and thus form a complex disease.

Complex disease :-

The complex disease is a diseased condition when more than one dissimilar diseases are present at the same time in a person. In other words, complex disease denotes the mixture of more than one dissimilar diseases in a person.

Nature of diseases forming complex disease :-

1. The diseases forming complex disease are mainly chronic in nature.

2. In rare cases, the diseases may be acute in nature.

3. Even a complex disease may be formed being treated alopathicaly for a prolonged time. When the original disease is only trufling one.

Ex :-

1. Complex disease formed by chronic diseases :-

A syphylitic patient may become psoric and vice-versa.

2. Complex disease formed by acute disease :-

During a epedemic in which smallpox and measles were prevalent at the same time, among 300 cases there was one single case in which both these dissimilar diseases occured simultaneously in one and the same body.

Double complex disease :-

Double complex disease denotes a mixture of two or more natural diseases, dissimilar and usually chronic in nature.

Repetition of doses (sec. 245-251)

Instructuions of hehnmann regarding repetion of doses as per 5th edition of organon :-

The following factors should be considered regarding the repetition of doses -

1. Condition and progress of the patient

2. Nature of disease

3. Nature of remedy

1. Condition and progress of the patient :-

(i) Perceptible and continued progress of improvement contra indicates repetition.

Every perceptible and continued progress improvement in an acute or chronic disease contra indicates repetition of the remedy because the beneficial affect which the medicine continues to exerd is rapidly approach its completion. Under these circumstances every new dose of any medicine, even of the last one that proved beneficial would disturbed the work of amelioration.

(ii) Repeat the dose only when improvement ceases. To allow a dose or remedy to at as long as the improvement produced by it is sustained is good practice. But to attempt to fix arbitrary limits to the action of medicine as some have done contrary to experience.

(iii) Repetition may be continued till either recovery ensuses or different groups of symptoms arise and thus demands different remedies. The dose of the same medicine may be repeated several times according to circumstances till recovery ensuses or the same medicine ceases to do good and the rest of the disease presenting a different group of symptoms demands different homoeopathic remedy.

2. Nature of the disease :-

(i) In chronic diseases :-

The medicine may be repeated at intervals of 14,12,10,8 or 7 days. In chronic diseases resembling cases of acute diseases at still shorter intervals.

In chronic disease there are two standard procedures, In one , repeated doses of low potency of the remedy are given till the patient be cured.

In the other a single dose of high potency is administered and then a wait follows till its action is over, placebo being given in the mean while.

(ii) In acute diseases :-

At very shorter periods. Every 24, 12, 8, 4 hours, In the very acutest every hour, up to as often as every 5 minutes.

3. Nature of medicine :-

(i) Potency :-

The frequent repetition of low potencies seen to be generally acceptable whereas high potencies are not usually, frequently repeated.

(ii) Duration of action of the remedy :-

The repetition of the remedy depends on the duration of action of the remedy. The short acting medicines may be repeated frequently, whereas the deep acting medicines are usually less frequently repeated.

(iii) Medicines having alternating actions :-

There are some medicines (eg- Ingnatia, bryonia etc) which posses the power of producing alternating actions a kind of primary action symptoms that are in part opposed to each other. If after prescribing one of these remedies on strict homoeopathic principles, no improvement follows, this will soon be obtained (even within few hours in acute disease) by repeating fresh and equally small dose of the same medicine.

Repetition of doses as per 6^th edition of organon:-

Incase of 50 millesimal potency, the repetition of doses mainly depends on the nature of diseases which are a follows-

1. In long lasting diseases (chronic diseases):-

a. Daily or every 2^nd day

2. In acute diseases:- Every 2,3,4,6 hours

3. In very urgent cases :- Every hour or oftener

Improper selection of medicine (section 249)

Indications of improperly selected medicines:-

If after the application of a medicine for a case of disease, new troublesome symptoms not belonging the disease to be cured appear. It indicates that the medicine is not capable of effecting real improvement and cannot be considered as homoeopathically selected.

What to do :-

1. If the aggravation is considerable (violent):-

It must be first partially neutralized as soon as possible by an antidote before giving the next accurately chosen homoeopathic remedy.

2. If the troublesome symptoms are not very violent :-

The next remedy must be given immediately in order to take a place of the improperly selected one.

SIGN OF IMPROVEMENT (Sec. 252-256)

Failure of improvement in chronic diseases:-

If the best selected homoeopathic medicine in suitable dose does not produce improvement in the chronic disease. The following reason may be possible –

1.The cause that keeps up the disease still persist.

2.There is some circumstances in the mode of life of the patient or in the situation in which he is placed which acts as a obstacle to cure.

All the above factors must be removed in order to accomplish a permanent cure.

Earliest indication of ameolration or aggravation :-

The state of mind and the whole demeanoure of the patient are the most certain and instructive regarding commencement of slight aggravation or amelioration.

Sign of improvement:-

1.The improvement, however slight, is indicated by-

(i)A greater degree of comfort

(ii) Increased calmness and freedom of the mind

(iii)Higher spirits

All these signs indicates the return of the natural states.

2.No appearance of new, unusual symptoms.

3.Diminution of the original symptoms.

4.None of the old symptoms are worse.

Sign of aggravation:-

The sign of aggravation, however slight, are exact opposite of signs of amelioration. They are as follows-

1. A greater degree of discomfort

2. A constrained, helpless, pitiable state of the disposition of the mind and of the whole demeanour.

3. All gesture, postures and actions show increased discomfort of the patient.

All those changes may be easily perceived on dose observation but cannot be described in words.

Favourite remedies (sec- 257)

Many physician employ their favourite remedies for treating diseases because those medicines were found repeatedly to be very effective in those disease. Such success with a particular type of disease leads the physician to consider the medicine as a specific one. Whenever they found a similar disease they employ the so cold specific medicines as his favourite remedy. Such administration of favourite medicine by the physician often result in the neglect of other medicines which could have been more useful in such cases.

On the contrary sometimes the physicians often neglect some remedies which when previously employed produced bad effects as they are unhomoeopathic for the case.

DIET AND REGIME (sec.-- 259-263)

General principles:-

Homoeopathy advocates the application of minute doses of medicine for the treatment of disease. Considering this minute dose of medicine it is necessary that everything which can have any medicinal action should be removed from the diet and regime of the patient during the treatment, so that the small dose may not be overwhelmed and extinguished or disturbed by any foreign medicinal irritant. Such foreign medicinal irritants are therefore at as obstacle path of cure.

Diet and regime in chronic diseases:-

The careful investigation of diet and regime it may be act as obstacle to cure is very much necessary in the case of patients of chronic diseases as their diseases are usually aggravated by such noxious influences and their disease causing error in the diet and regime which often pass unnoticed. Dr. Hehnemann has advised to avoid the following types of diet and regimes in patient suffering from chronic disease.

1.Drinks

Fine Chinese and other herb teas, beer prepared with medicinal vegetables substances. Liquors made with medicinal spices, all kinds of punch, odorous water and perfumes of different type.

2.Food

(a)Highly spiced dishes and sauces, spiced cakes and ices, spiced chocolate, crude medicinal vegetables for soups, dishes of herbs, root and stalks of plants possessing medicinal qualities, selery, onion, old cheese and meats in a state of decomposition or that poses medicinal properties (as the flesh and hen, pork, duck and gees or veal ie too young and sour bainds.)

(b)All excess in food and in the use of sugar and salt and spiritual drinks.

3.Toilet articles

Strong scented flower in the room, tooth powder and essences, odorous water and perfumes of many kinds.

4.Clothing and made of life

(i)Woolen clothing next the skin, which should be exchange in warm weather, first for cotton then for linen.

(ii) Heated room

(iii) A sedentary life in closed apartment or the frequent indulgence in passive exersize.(such as riding or driving) prolonged sucking, taking long sleep in a recumbent posture(inbed) sitting up longed at night.

(iv) Uncleanness

(v) Unnatural debauchery, innervation by reading obscene books, reading while laying down.

(vi) Onanism or imperfect or suppressed inter force in order to prevent conception.

(vii) Subjects of anger

(viii) Grief or vexations, a passion for play over exertion of mind or body.

(ix) Dwelling in marshy district, damped food, poor livings etc.

All these thing must be as for as possible avoided or removed in order that the case may not be obstructed or rendered impossible.

The most appreciated regime during the employment the medicine in chronic disease consisting-

1.The removal of the above reason of obstacle to recovering and supplying where necessary the reverse.

2.Innocent moral and intellectual recreation.

3.Acting exersize in the open air in all kinds of weather. (daily walk, slight labour)

4.Suitable nutritious unmedicinal food and drink.

Diet and regimes in Acute disease:-

1.Food and drink:-

In acute disease (accept in case of mental disease) Henhemann advised gratify the patients desire with regard to food and drink without offering or urging. The friends and attendant should be advised not to put any obstacle in the fulfilment of desires expressed by the patient. As these are aroused by the inner subtile wipes life preserving vital force.

2.Temperature and clothing:-

The temperature of the room and the quality of covering must be arranged entirely according to the desire of the patient.

3.Mind:-

He must be kept free from all over exertion of mind and exciting emotions.

Preparation of medicine

Genuine medicine:- (sec. 264-265)

Genuine medicine denotes unadulterated medicine. The true physician must be provided with genuine medicine of unimpaired strength so that he may able to rely upon their genuiness.

Dr. Hehnemann advises the physician to be thoroughly convienced in every case that the patient always takes the right medicine. Therefore the physician must be the patient the correctly chosen medicine prepared, moreover, by himself.

Potency:-

Potency denotes the power of a medicine developed by the process of dynamisation or potentization. The medicinal substances with different grades of medicinal power as developed by the process of dynamisation are called homoeopathic potencies in different grades. They are the result of a series of successive dilution followed by trituration or succession.

In other words, homoeopathic potencies are the result of a series of successive reduction in concentration of the basic medicinal substance, whereby each reduction in concentration is followed by vigorous agitation either by trituration (in case of solid substance) or by succession (in case of liquid substance).

Dilution :-

Dilution means act of mixing one substance with the vehicle so as to deminise its concentration and hence, its action.

The product of such mixing is also loosely known as dilution.

Different between potency and dilution:-

By simple dilution of the medicine with larger amount of vehicle it’s power cannot be raised, rather the internal strength is dimnised.

But the potency of a medicine is the result of dilution and trituration or succession. Its medicinal power is increased to a grade extent by the process of trituration or succession. Moreover potentization makes many insoluble material into soluble substances.

So, in contrast to dilution, though many of the physical properties are lost after dynamisation but the inherent medicinal power with its individual precuriaties is increased in this process.

Preparation of medicines from fresh plant:- (sec. 267)

1.Indigenous plants:-

At first the fresh juice of the freshly gathered indigenous plants in extracted. In order to obtain the medicinal qualities in the most complete and certain manner as in a fresh stage it is immediately mixed with equal parts of alcohol. Now it is kept in a well stoppered bottle for a day and a night. This result in the deposition of fibrinus and albuminus matter at the bottom of the bottle. Then the clear supericumbent fluid is to be decanted off for medicinal use. The alcohol is added to prevent any formentation of vegetable juice. The entire medicinal power of the vegetable juice is thus retain. Forever by keeping the preparation in well carked bottle and protected from the sunlight, heat and strong smelling substances.

2.Exotic substances:- (sec. 268)

If the other exotic barks, seeds and roots cannot be obtained in the fresh state, The sensible physician will first convince himself of their genuiness in their crude entire state. The physician should never use them on trust, being confirmed of these genuiness, their dry powder can be employed or preparing medicines.

3.Plants containing thick mucus of albumin:-

In case of plants that contain much thick mucus (ex- symptom of ficinale, viola tricola etc) or and excess of albumin (ex- aehtuja cymatium, solenum nigricum etc) equal parts of alcohol in not sufficient for the deposition of the fiberous and albuminous matter. In the preparation of these medicines double proportion of alcohol is generally required for this object. So, in case of these plants the freshly expressed juice is to mixed with double quantity of alcohol.

4.Dry plants:-

Plants that are very deficient in juice (ex- oleander ledum, savina etc) must first be pounded up alone into a moist, fine mass. Then it is stirred up with double quantity of alcohol. So that the juice may combine with mix it. Now, the plant juice mixed with alcohol is pressed out. If the plants are obtained in dried form, they can be triturated with sugar of milk then they may be further diluted and potentized.

Potentization:-

Homoeopathic dynamisation are process by which medicinal properties, which are latent in natural substances while in their crude state becomes awakened and developed into activity to an incredible degree.

According to Dr. Henhmann homoeopathic dynamisations are process by which the medicinal properties. Which are latent in natural substances while in their crude state, become aroused, and then become enabled to act in an almost spiritual manner on our life, ie on our sensible and irritable fibers.

According to Stuart Cloze –

Homoeopathic potentization is a mathematico-mechanical process for the reduction, according to scale, of crude, inert or poisonous medicinal substances t state of physical solubility, physiological assimilability and therapeutic activity and harmless for use as homoeopathic healing remedies.

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